Which of the following is an advantage of a repeated measures design?

A repeated measures design involves using the same participants in both experimental conditions, which primarily eliminates participant variables, such as individual differences in intelligence, personality traits, or prior experience with the task. Since each participant serves as their own control, any variations in responses that may arise from these participant characteristics are minimized. This leads to more accurate and reliable outcomes, as the differences observed can be more confidently attributed to the experimental manipulation rather than individual discrepancies.

In contrast, other advantages listed do not apply to repeated measures. For instance, random allocation of participants is more characteristic of independent groups designs, where participants are assigned to different groups to help control for bias and researcher influence. The control of extraneous variables in a repeated measures design is often limited to those that may vary within the same participant across different conditions, rather than across different participant groups. Reducing the experimental duration is not necessarily an inherent advantage of repeated measures, as the time taken may still vary depending on how the study is structured, such as the time between conditions or the duration of the overall testing period.