What is the importance of random sampling in research?

Random sampling is fundamental in research as it ensures that each individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected for the study. This process is crucial because it minimizes bias in the selection process. When researchers avoid bias, they increase the likelihood that the sample reflects the broader population's characteristics, leading to more valid and generalizable results. Bias can distort findings and lead to incorrect conclusions, so random sampling plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of research outcomes.

The other options do not capture the primary essence of random sampling. While controlling the sample size and reducing costs are important aspects of research design, they are not the primary reasons for employing random sampling techniques. Excluding individuals from the population is contrary to the goal of random sampling, which aims to include a representative sample.